1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:21,000 Unidentified flying objects, UFOs. They appear as sleek metallic disks in daylight skies, 2 00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:27,000 or mysterious shapes that illuminate the night. Where do UFOs come from? What do they want? 3 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:34,000 Are they merely inventions of the modern age? If so, why do they appear in early paintings? 4 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:41,000 If UFOs are kites or planes or weather balloons, why do they move like nothing else from Earth? 5 00:00:41,000 --> 00:00:46,000 The extraordinary answers to these age-old questions. Next. 6 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:58,000 UFOs are now hauntingly familiar. They have shared our skies for an uneasy 50 years. 7 00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:05,000 Eyewitness accounts testify to their breathtaking speed, unparalleled maneuverability, and uncanny silence. 8 00:01:05,000 --> 00:01:10,000 They are different than any aircraft made here on Earth. 9 00:01:11,000 --> 00:01:18,000 These stealthy visitors are called UFOs, unidentified flying objects. 10 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:24,000 They have shown up unexpectedly in photographs taken all across the globe. 11 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:32,000 Yet if we turn back the pages of history, there are intriguing hints that UFOs have been with us all along. 12 00:01:32,000 --> 00:01:39,000 Perhaps even as far back as 12,000 years ago, when our ancestors found shelter in the darkness of caves. 13 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:48,000 The walls of these primitive dwellings were often painted with figures of hunters and the animals they hoped to snare. 14 00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:52,000 Recently, other images have come to light. 15 00:01:53,000 --> 00:02:01,000 These tracings were made from caves in France and Spain, and they show pictures not ordinarily associated with hunting. 16 00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:08,000 Their shapes are very peculiar because they do oftentimes look like UFOs and saucers. 17 00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:12,000 I'm not saying that they are UFOs, that they do represent craft of any type, 18 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:20,000 only that they have a similarity to what we now perceive as maybe craft from another planet as UFOs. 19 00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:26,000 One wonders where the cave people were getting the impetus for putting these on their walls. 20 00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:31,000 Obviously, putting paintings on cave walls was a laborious process, 21 00:02:31,000 --> 00:02:35,000 and you would only put down the most important things of your daily life. 22 00:02:35,000 --> 00:02:42,000 And here these objects appear not once, not twice, but fairly numerous times on the cave walls. 23 00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:49,000 The advance of civilization brought us out of caves and into cities. 24 00:02:49,000 --> 00:03:00,000 Some 4,000 years ago, scribes recorded what sounds like the sighting of UFOs during the reign of a pharaoh named Tothmosis III. 25 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:07,000 In the year 22 of the third month of the winter, a circle of fire appeared in the sky. 26 00:03:07,000 --> 00:03:15,000 After some days, it became more numerous and shown with the brightness of the sun extending to the very limits of the heavens. 27 00:03:15,000 --> 00:03:19,000 Royal records of Tothmosis III, 1480 BC. 28 00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:27,000 A millennium later, young Alexander the Great conquered his way across the known world. 29 00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:33,000 In 332 BC, he laid siege to the Phoenician city of Tyre, 30 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:39,000 and accounts from both sides report that shield-shaped silver objects appeared in the sky. 31 00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:45,000 One supposedly sent down a beam of light that destroyed the city walls. 32 00:03:47,000 --> 00:03:53,000 Even the Bible itself contains passages that some say refer to alien spacecraft. 33 00:03:54,000 --> 00:04:03,000 I looked and behold, a stormy wind came from the north, a great cloud with fire flashing through it, and a radiance round about it, 34 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:09,000 while out of the midst of it gleamed something with a luster like that of shining metal. 35 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:11,000 Ezekiel 1 36 00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:19,000 There are a number of reports from the past, and I believe that some of them are quite legitimate. 37 00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:24,000 But one of the things is you can't interview witnesses, of course. 38 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:29,000 You can't get independent witnesses, you can't ask, well, what angle was it above the horizon? 39 00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:34,000 The problem we have with them is we have to take them totally at face value. 40 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:40,000 It's always important in looking at these to remember that there are a lot of strange astronomical phenomena 41 00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:46,000 that only occur once in a while, like a star going supernova and suddenly appearing in the sky, 42 00:04:46,000 --> 00:04:49,000 or a comet which appeared unexpectedly. 43 00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:53,000 And so you always have to look at these from the point of view of astronomy. 44 00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:59,000 There could be some atmospheric phenomenon or an astronomical phenomenon that they were depicting as something supernatural. 45 00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:09,000 As the scientific awareness of the population grew, superstition was replaced by knowledge of what was actually going on in the heavens. 46 00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:17,000 However, when an object would fly across the sky and stop, or hover, or seemingly descend to the ground, 47 00:05:17,000 --> 00:05:22,000 or maybe exhibit many different color changes or change shape or what have you, 48 00:05:22,000 --> 00:05:26,000 then even those people knew that they were looking at something out of the ordinary. 49 00:05:27,000 --> 00:05:34,000 The residents of Nuremberg, Germany had just such an experience on April 4th, 1561. 50 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:41,000 On that day, the skies above the city filled with a chaotic array of tube-shaped objects and balls of light. 51 00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:45,000 Eyewitnesses called it a frightful spectacle. 52 00:05:47,000 --> 00:05:55,000 Chronicles of the time also report extraordinary displays over Basel, Switzerland during the summer of 1566. 53 00:05:55,000 --> 00:06:00,000 These events were depicted in primitive woodcuts made by eyewitnesses. 54 00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:08,000 However, it was the talented master artists that have left us the most fascinating images. 55 00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:21,000 In 1998, an Italian writer named Daniella Giordano earned an award for her landmark study of the enigmatic flying objects depicted by Renaissance artists. 56 00:06:22,000 --> 00:06:29,000 She discovered that not only did the artist have these objects in the picture, but he also had people looking at these objects 57 00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:35,000 and shielding their eyes as all the people were actually noting with amazement that something unusual was in the sky. 58 00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:41,000 I don't know on why the objects there, but it does appear and it looks like a UFO. 59 00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:49,000 This apparently traditional religious work is known as the Madonna and St Giovanni. 60 00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:57,000 Here too, a witness to the flying object is placed unobtrusively, yet unmistakably, in the background. 61 00:06:58,000 --> 00:07:03,000 It's very obvious that this person's attention is directed to the flying object. 62 00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:09,000 And the artist obviously wanted viewers of the painting to see that not only is there the Madonna in the painting, 63 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:12,000 but that there's also an object in the background. 64 00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:18,000 Curious airborne craft show up in other media as well. 65 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:23,000 These tapestries from the 1500s depict the life of the Virgin Mary. 66 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:30,000 Looking in the background is the familiar shape of a 1950s style UFO. 67 00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:45,000 This fresco from a 14th century monastery in Kosovo prominently features what appears to be a flying vehicle. 68 00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:54,000 On this French coin minted in 1680, a ray of light beams down from a colossal wheel-shaped object. 69 00:07:55,000 --> 00:08:03,000 Sporadic sightings continue to be recorded for the next 250 years. 70 00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:14,000 In the 1940s, World War II pilots joined the long list of UFO eyewitnesses. 71 00:08:15,000 --> 00:08:23,000 Some of these pilots would later come forward to tell their stories, as interest in UFOs increased after the war. 72 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:30,000 Pilots on all sides of the conflict, the Axis and the Allied pilots reported strange objects, 73 00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:35,000 sometimes flying off the wingtips of their airplanes, and seemingly exhibit intelligent maneuvering. 74 00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:41,000 If you tried to fly the airplane toward it, the object would fly along with you and just keeping off the wing 75 00:08:41,000 --> 00:08:45,000 or dive down or fly above, you couldn't catch up with it. 76 00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:54,000 I talked to a pilot of a B-24 bomber during World War II, and he said one circled around their airplane. 77 00:08:54,000 --> 00:09:02,000 Round, smooth, sleek, they all expected to die instantly, because this must be a new German secret weapon. 78 00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:07,000 I was going to shoot him down, and we sure don't have anything that looks like that and flies like that. 79 00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:12,000 I have one account where they actually fired on, they seemingly went through it, they didn't damage the object at all. 80 00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:15,000 Allied pilots thought they were secret weapons of the Germans, 81 00:09:15,000 --> 00:09:22,000 Germans thought they were secret weapons of the Allies, England and America, and they were even seen in the Pacific Theater. 82 00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:33,000 However, after the war, it became clear that neither the Allies nor the Axis had produced these super aircraft, someone else had. 83 00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:45,000 And they did exhibit maneuvering that, again, was much like the types of objects that were seen immediately after the war ended and called flying saucers at that time. 84 00:09:48,000 --> 00:10:00,000 Many believe that in July of 1947, near the top secret air base at Roswell, New Mexico, the United States military finally got a close-up look at these mysterious spacecraft. 85 00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:09,000 The Army Air Force has announced that a flying disc has been found and is now in the possession of the Army. 86 00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:23,000 In the fall of 1945, American boys came home to a hard-earned welcome. They had faced unspeakable horrors. 87 00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:28,000 Now they would head for suburbia and get started on the baby boom. 88 00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:36,000 At the same time, another new era was dawning, the age of flying saucers. 89 00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:43,000 The enigmatic spacecraft that had appeared from time to time through the centuries would now take center stage. 90 00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:46,000 The age of innocence was over. 91 00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:56,000 The wave of modern UFO sightings began simply with no photos, no radar returns and no physical evidence. 92 00:10:57,000 --> 00:11:01,000 Just a story told by one man at the right time in history. 93 00:11:04,000 --> 00:11:11,000 Kenneth Arnold was a 32-year-old successful businessman on the summer day that his sighting took place. 94 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:15,000 He sold firefighting equipment and flew his own light plane. 95 00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:25,000 On Tuesday, June 24, 1947, Arnold was flying toward Mount Rainier above the Cascade Mountains of Washington State. 96 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:33,000 The air was smooth and clear as he reached 9,200 feet and noticed a bright flash. 97 00:11:34,000 --> 00:11:43,000 To the left and north of Mount Rainier, Arnold saw what he described as nine unusual aircraft flying at over 1,200 miles per hour. 98 00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:49,000 As they passed the mountain, the objects were outlined against the snow. 99 00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:58,000 They traveled in a v-formation and skittered across the sky in such a way that Arnold said they resembled a saucer skipping across water. 100 00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:05,000 Arnold first told his story upon landing at the Yakima, Washington airport. 101 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:09,000 He sketched a series of diagrams to illustrate what he had seen. 102 00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:15,000 What he drew was shaped like a crescent, 50 feet long and only 3 feet thick. 103 00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:17,000 It had a rounded point in the rear. 104 00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:22,000 When seen edge on, he reported, it looked like a black line. 105 00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:29,000 It wasn't long before the story of Arnold's sighting startled the world. 106 00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:33,000 The newspapers quickly coined a name for Arnold's skipping discs. 107 00:12:33,000 --> 00:12:36,000 The name was Flying Saucers. 108 00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:41,000 Kenneth Arnold was soon to enjoy a celebrity status. 109 00:12:41,000 --> 00:12:51,000 The author of a book and the subject of magazine cover stories, he was looked upon as a combination of space age visionary and screwball eccentric. 110 00:12:51,000 --> 00:12:55,000 The press would anoint him, the man who started it all. 111 00:12:57,000 --> 00:13:03,000 In the days and weeks after Arnold's landmark flight, Flying Saucers became big news. 112 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:07,000 Sightings were reported across the country. 113 00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:17,000 Indeed, at that time, more people knew about Flying Saucers than about the Marshall Plan for the post-war reconstruction of Europe. 114 00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:23,000 But one incident above all established Flying Saucers in the public mind. 115 00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:32,000 Roswell, New Mexico lies deep in the empty expanse of the American Southwest. 116 00:13:33,000 --> 00:13:40,000 Today, its very name conjures up memories of a supposed UFO crash and government cover-up. 117 00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:44,000 It is remembered as the Roswell incident. 118 00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:55,000 In the summer of 1947, the Army airfield in Roswell was home to the elite 509th bomb group. 119 00:13:56,000 --> 00:14:04,000 During World War II, the B-29s that carried atom bombs to Hiroshima and Nagasaki had originated here. 120 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:10,000 And so would an event that gave substance to the belief in Flying Saucers. 121 00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:32,000 Walter Hott was public information officer of the 509th bomb group. 122 00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:39,000 He was the official instructed to dispatch press releases to the radio station and newspapers in Roswell. 123 00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:46,000 The story fed the imagination of the country, but has been the source of controversy ever since. 124 00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:52,000 A press release that I received stated that the bomb was a bomb. 125 00:14:52,000 --> 00:15:03,000 A press release that I received stated that we had in our possession parts of a crashed flying disc. 126 00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:08,000 The material was found on a ranch north of Roswell. 127 00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:13,000 Then the story abruptly changed. 128 00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:18,000 General Roger Ramey took command of the Roswell situation and issued a new statement. 129 00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:21,000 It wasn't a flying disc after all. 130 00:15:21,000 --> 00:15:30,000 To me, I think it was one of the slickest cover-ups by admitting that we had the material and then a higher authority says, 131 00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:32,000 No, you don't. 132 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:35,000 Flying saucer or weather balloon. 133 00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:38,000 Both Air Force stories couldn't be true. 134 00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:41,000 One fact was undisputed. 135 00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:44,000 Something had crashed at Roswell. 136 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:54,000 A rancher named Mac Brazel discovered the metallic debris in this isolated rangeland outside of town. 137 00:15:54,000 --> 00:16:03,000 The wreckage was strewn over more than half a mile and Brazel alerted the base, assuming a military plane had crashed. 138 00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:11,000 Jesse Marcell Jr. recalls that his father, the intelligence officer at the Roswell Army Airfield, 139 00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:16,000 had been dispatched to the debris site to determine what had crashed there. 140 00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:21,000 The night that my dad came home, he was very excited. 141 00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:27,000 He woke my mother, myself up and said he wanted to show us something very strange. 142 00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:32,000 As I recall, he said this was part of a flying saucer. 143 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:41,000 I was 11, almost 12 at the time, and I had seen pieces of an airplane and weather balloons and things like that, 144 00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:44,000 but this was not like anything that I'd ever seen before. 145 00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:52,000 The most intriguing portion of the debris that I recall seeing was what appeared to be eye beams. 146 00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:57,000 When I looked at this with the light reflecting on it, I noticed what appeared to be some symbols 147 00:16:57,000 --> 00:17:06,000 were writing along the inner surface of this eye beam, and the implication was this was something that came from some other planetary system. 148 00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:15,000 Author Kevin Randall researched the Roswell incident and learned more about the debris Major Marcell had collected. 149 00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:22,000 You have something called metal foil. It's been described by various people as tinfoil or lead foil. 150 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:28,000 You water it up into a ball, you drop it on the table, it unfolds itself and there's no sign of a crease. 151 00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:35,000 Randall interviewed some people who say they actually handled the mysterious wreckage back in 1947. 152 00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:45,000 It was all watered up when he dropped it and when he dropped it on the table and it hit the table, it spread out just like it was water. 153 00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:58,000 And so they all started holding it and playing with it. They were trying to cut it with their knives and they tried to burn it with their lighters, 154 00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:02,000 and they couldn't do any damage to it at all. 155 00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:08,000 There were also rumors of a second crash site with even more stunning discoveries. 156 00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:19,000 Frankie Rosefather said that the fire department was called to the scene. There he had observed nothing less than actual extraterrestrial beings. 157 00:18:20,000 --> 00:18:25,000 They got in a car on what they thought was a plane crash about 30 miles north of Roswell. 158 00:18:26,000 --> 00:18:35,000 And when they got out there, it was not an airplane. He said it was a flying saucer that had crashed. 159 00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:48,000 And there were little, what he called little people, and he said one of them was still alive. 160 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:59,000 There were two that were covered up laying on the ground and he called, he said they had been covered up, it looked like with body bags. 161 00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:07,000 And the one that was walking around there didn't appear to be hurt. 162 00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:14,000 Through his research, Kevin Randall has established what he believes happened next. 163 00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:28,000 According to a number of Liai witnesses, the craft and the bodies were taken to Hangar 84 at the Roswell Army Airfield where they were held for a period of time before the various flights were initiated and sent out of Roswell. 164 00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:41,000 Randall believes that crates containing the alien bodies and flying saucer wreckage were shipped out of the heavily guarded Hangar 84, never to be seen again. 165 00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:53,000 When the Air Force produced one meagre weather balloon at the Roswell crash debris, many concluded it was part of a cover-up. 166 00:19:55,000 --> 00:20:06,000 In the 50s, there was the belief that the U.S. Air Force had proof of some sort that these were alien spaceships and was covering it up to prevent panic. 167 00:20:07,000 --> 00:20:18,000 There obviously was a cover-up of this action because years later my dad said he was actually part of the cover-up because he went along with the weather balloon story. 168 00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:27,000 Indeed, according to Marcel, his father revealed that he had been ordered to pose with wreckage from a weather balloon. 169 00:20:28,000 --> 00:20:34,000 My dad explained to my mother that this was a non-event, don't even discuss it with your friends, don't talk about it. 170 00:20:35,000 --> 00:20:42,000 It was a true Air Force brat, believed in following the orders, you know, he didn't want me to talk about it, so we did not talk about it. 171 00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:48,000 These people were visited by military authorities, they were told to keep quiet. 172 00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:55,000 Frankie Rowe recalls such a visit from a man in a uniform. 173 00:20:56,000 --> 00:21:00,000 He started getting louder and he kept saying, don't you understand, you did not see anything. 174 00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:09,000 And he had a night stick type of thing with him that was kind of hanging on his belt. 175 00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:21,000 And he took that out and he got very loud and he started talking and every time he would make a point, he would hit his hand with the night stick. 176 00:21:21,000 --> 00:21:25,000 So he would say, you didn't see anything, you were not there. 177 00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:33,000 And he said, if you ever say one word about this, the rest of your life, we will spread up this family. 178 00:21:34,000 --> 00:21:37,000 If that's not enough, he said, you know, this is a big desert out here. 179 00:21:38,000 --> 00:21:40,000 We can take you out in the desert. 180 00:21:41,000 --> 00:21:43,000 And he said, no one will ever find your bodies. 181 00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:54,000 If this disturbing account is true, it can only be described as a death threat, a warning to remain silent about the Roswell incident. 182 00:21:55,000 --> 00:22:05,000 What was so vital to protect? In January of 1948, the Air Force would launch an investigation into the escalating flood of UFO reports. 183 00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:16,000 Something crashed at Roswell, New Mexico. 184 00:22:17,000 --> 00:22:28,000 But whether the object that fell from the sky in July of 1947 originated here on Earth or somewhere in outer space has been hotly debated for more than a half century. 185 00:22:31,000 --> 00:22:35,000 Perhaps it truly was a weather balloon, as the Air Force insists. 186 00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:41,000 If so, that would deflate one of the seminal events in the history of UFOs. 187 00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:50,000 However, if the object was in fact extraterrestrial, the issue then becomes, what business did it have at Roswell? 188 00:22:52,000 --> 00:23:00,000 At the time of the Roswell crash, New Mexico was host to the most advanced military and scientific experiments on the face of the planet. 189 00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:13,000 In fact, the Roswell area was the only place in the world where testing of cutting-edge radar, rockets and nuclear weapons could all be found. 190 00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:18,000 Perhaps these lurking UFOs had become a threat to national security. 191 00:23:22,000 --> 00:23:28,000 The Air Force quietly began investigating the rash of post-war sightings in January of 1948. 192 00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:36,000 This inquiry was codenamed Project Sine, and by October it would reach a truly stunning conclusion. 193 00:23:38,000 --> 00:23:45,000 Project Sine wrote a final report called The Estimid of the Situation, which concluded that UFOs were interplanetary vehicles. 194 00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:49,000 You can imagine that this didn't go over well to Pentagon. 195 00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:56,000 The government could not have the idea of UFOs as an interplanetary spacecraft coming out when they'd been trying to cover up the Roswell crash. 196 00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:03,000 It went all the way to the chief of staff of the Air Force who said, I don't find this document particularly persuasive. 197 00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:07,000 He batted it back down and fired practically everybody in Project Sine. 198 00:24:08,000 --> 00:24:11,000 The people who were left at Project Sine could read the handwriting on the wall. 199 00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:15,000 If you said they were extraterrestrial, you lost your job. Your career is over. 200 00:24:18,000 --> 00:24:26,000 After the purge, the inquiry was revamped as Project Grudge, a name that may have suggested a certain skepticism. 201 00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:33,000 An Air Force insider actually characterized Project Grudge as the dark ages of UFO investigation. 202 00:24:38,000 --> 00:24:46,000 In August of 1951, this v-shaped pattern of objects appeared over Texas and became known as the Lubbock Lights. 203 00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:51,000 Grudge said it was a flock of birds reflecting the glow of the city. 204 00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:59,000 This film was submitted from Great Falls, Montana in 1950. 205 00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:04,000 It depicts bright white dots moving behind the smokestacks of a green mill. 206 00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:11,000 The photographer described the objects as shiny, bright and metallic, like polished silver. 207 00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:18,000 Project Grudge concluded that they were F-94 Air Force interceptors landing nearby. 208 00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:29,000 After three years of debunking UFO reports, Grudge was reorganized into the supposedly more objective Project Blue Book. 209 00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:35,000 Blue Book became the focus for public attention and press attention. 210 00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:40,000 But it was never scientific. It was never comprehensive. They didn't have radar. They didn't have computers. 211 00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:46,000 They didn't have people ready to go up, you know, in aircraft with instruments to monitor UFO science. 212 00:25:46,000 --> 00:25:55,000 Typically an officer, a sergeant, several secretaries, their job was primarily to try to tell us that there was nothing to flying saucers. 213 00:25:57,000 --> 00:26:02,000 Major Hector Quintanilla Jr. became Blue Book director in 1963. 214 00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:12,000 The objectives of the program are twofold. They're the same as they have been since 1953 when the regulation was written. 215 00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:19,000 First of all, to try to determine if the UFO phenomena presents a threat to the security of the United States. 216 00:26:19,000 --> 00:26:28,000 And second to determine if the UFO phenomena exhibits any technological advances which could be channeled to research and development. 217 00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:39,000 Many of the UFO reports were easily explainable as atmospheric anomalies, like this saucer-shaped lenticular cloud formation. 218 00:26:40,000 --> 00:26:48,000 The man who shot this film, a Navy officer and aerial photographer, claimed he saw these objects up close before getting out his camera. 219 00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:56,000 He said they were disjaped and gunmetal colored. Blue Book determined they were high-flying birds. 220 00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:06,000 Astronomer J. Allen Hineck, a Blue Book consultant for its entire 16-year run, had this assessment of the project. 221 00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:14,000 Quote, when Major Quintanilla came in, the flag of the Uttern Nonsense School was flying at its highest. 222 00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:28,000 Blue Book's most notorious nonsense came in March of 1966 when it dismissed a wave of credible sightings, including many by policemen, as swamp gas. 223 00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:37,000 In December of 1969, the Air Force closed down Project Blue Book and washed its hands of UFOs. 224 00:27:39,000 --> 00:27:49,000 Few scientists were willing to approach the subject. However, there were some who embraced UFOs without reservation. 225 00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:07,000 During the 1950s, the Air Force stood by its finding in the Roswell case. The crash was nothing more than a weather balloon. 226 00:28:07,000 --> 00:28:14,000 But newsreels show a public that continued to watch the skies, hoping to glimpse a spacecraft. 227 00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:19,000 Suddenly, people from coast to coast began seeing UFOs. 228 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:26,000 What followed was a popular movement that embraced flying saucers and the spacemen who flew them. 229 00:28:26,000 --> 00:28:30,000 Ready or not, the flying saucers were coming. 230 00:28:31,000 --> 00:28:38,000 Within a matter of several days, I will, myself, make what might be called a flying saucer. 231 00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:44,000 Although I don't choose to call it that, because it may not respond to our controls. 232 00:28:45,000 --> 00:28:52,000 To the vast majority of the people in the late 40s and 1950s, flying saucers were a terrific novelty. 233 00:28:52,000 --> 00:29:05,000 And there was a great deal of popular fascination. There were cheesy science fiction films based on the idea that margeons were invading the Earth and flying saucers. 234 00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:17,000 Popular magazines printed on pulp paper would hit the newsstands in time to cash in on the trend and expand it to legendary proportions. 235 00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:23,000 The man behind those flying saucer legends was publisher Raymond Palmer. 236 00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:33,000 Palmer was a man who, in his youth, had been severely injured, and so he was crippled up, and he was what you would call a hunchback, I guess. 237 00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:39,000 He had the instincts of a carnival barker. He liked to put something over on you. 238 00:29:39,000 --> 00:29:46,000 And the thing about Palmer was that his fans liked having Palmer put something over on them. 239 00:29:48,000 --> 00:29:58,000 It was Palmer's Fate magazine, later called Flying Saucers Magazine, which helped spread the idea of UFOs in the 1950s. 240 00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:05,000 Spacecraft from around the universe played across these colorful pages. 241 00:30:05,000 --> 00:30:14,000 It was here that the UFO was finally identified. Now everyone knew they were spaceships from other worlds. 242 00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:21,000 What followed was a craze in the 1950s known as the Contactee Movement. 243 00:30:21,000 --> 00:30:26,000 Contactees were people who said that they had made contact with space people. 244 00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:32,000 I was aboard a flying saucer in the Nevada desert on 11 different occasions. 245 00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:38,000 I was taken into this monstrous saucer by one of the men and confronted with a lady captain. 246 00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:43,000 Beautiful complexion, beautiful appearing woman, and the peaceful people. 247 00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:48,000 They mean no harm to us. They come down here to investigate what's going on on Earth, 248 00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:54,000 and they certainly convince me that they're peaceful and they come from another planet they call Clarion. 249 00:30:54,000 --> 00:30:59,000 They told me there was life on Mars and that there were life on other planets as well, 250 00:30:59,000 --> 00:31:03,000 and all planets except Earth had interplanetary means of travel. 251 00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:13,000 The man credited with starting the Contactee Movement was a Polish immigrant and self-styled philosopher named George Adamski. 252 00:31:13,000 --> 00:31:23,000 In his book Flying Saucers Have Landed, Adamski claimed that in 1952 he had been aboard an alien spacecraft. 253 00:31:24,000 --> 00:31:31,000 We were picked up on a desert in California desert and I was taken to the mother ship and they were flowing around, 254 00:31:31,000 --> 00:31:34,000 not too close to the moon but with instruments. 255 00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:39,000 Similarly, you might say they accepted it wasn't the camera, it was a wriggly sort of a telescopic instrument 256 00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:44,000 that we were able to see what was on the moon on the other side of it. See? 257 00:31:45,000 --> 00:31:50,000 Adamski's book detailed his meeting with a man from Venus called Orthon. 258 00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:55,000 There were also photographs of the spaceship he supposedly flew in. 259 00:31:56,000 --> 00:32:01,000 Adamski's books also reflected the political climate of the 1950s, 260 00:32:01,000 --> 00:32:07,000 like growing concerns about the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union. 261 00:32:10,000 --> 00:32:14,000 When Orthon departed, he would leave behind these enigmatic footprints. 262 00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:20,000 Adamski said they contained a message urging an end to nuclear testing on Earth. 263 00:32:22,000 --> 00:32:30,000 In a similar vein, other Contactees spoke of aliens from utopian planets who wanted to prevent all-out nuclear war. 264 00:32:31,000 --> 00:32:35,000 Best of all, these aliens looked just like us. 265 00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:42,000 I have a picture here of the gentleman who escorted me through the craft and I would like to share with and describe it. 266 00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:57,000 This gentleman, he appeared almost as I am, except that he was about 5 feet 10 inches tall, weighing about 150 to 155 pounds. 267 00:32:57,000 --> 00:33:01,000 And they all appeared about that same size, including the lady. 268 00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:11,000 George Adamski would publish two more volumes on his contacts with beautiful space people from Saturn and Mars. 269 00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:20,000 He even had opportunity to take home movies of the scout ships that transported him, guided by robot pilots from Venus. 270 00:33:23,000 --> 00:33:30,000 The impact of Adamski's tales led to an explosion of flying saucer clubs and conventions. 271 00:33:31,000 --> 00:33:37,000 As the flying saucer phenomena continued into the 50s, civilians began to become very interested, of course. 272 00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:52,000 People did and clubs formed up with a classic meaning of the term club, hobbyist as it were, that were just interested in the wilder esoteric aspects of the phenomena, particularly the stories of people who said they were in contact with aliens. 273 00:33:54,000 --> 00:33:59,000 Many of the Contactees would gather at the largest flying saucer festival of all time. 274 00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:11,000 It took place in California at a place called Giant Rock in March of 1954. It attracted over 5,000 outer space enthusiasts. 275 00:34:30,000 --> 00:34:36,000 With many space people from many areas of space, both inside and outside of the solar system. 276 00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:45,000 Lectures were given from the Giant Rock and stalls were set up to sell books, photos and space-age souvenirs. 277 00:34:47,000 --> 00:34:55,000 Most importantly, conventions like this gave the Contactees a place to exchange ideas, rumors and reports. 278 00:34:56,000 --> 00:35:01,000 But I do believe what I see and I am one of those who was inside of flying saucer. 279 00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:10,000 I seem to become one with the entire universe. Everything in the universe seems to be contracted down to one small stop. 280 00:35:10,000 --> 00:35:25,000 What's what that goes like? The woman had a radiant red box pleated skirt and a black velvet appearing blouse and a black and red stem or beret and the men had clothes very similar to our Greyhound bus driver. 281 00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:33,000 Contactees also described the alien spacecraft they had seen in astonishing detail. 282 00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:42,000 On July the 12th, I took a trip in a flying saucer which I am pointing right here. 283 00:35:43,000 --> 00:35:54,000 The saucer was well equipped with rooms, bedrooms, bathroom, toilets and this saucer. 284 00:35:55,000 --> 00:36:02,000 I went up in two Mars over the moon, Venus, Florian and Orion. 285 00:36:03,000 --> 00:36:10,000 When I say Orion, I do not mean Orion. It is a planet outside of our galaxy. 286 00:36:13,000 --> 00:36:19,000 Also popular among Contactees was a belief that startling evidence was about to be revealed. 287 00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:42,000 We are going to see more and more of these visitors from space and that before too long the evidence will be in controversial that you will have on your TV screens and on your movie screen concrete evidence that the ships are here and that they are real and they are not fantastic things which have been cooked up to make a movie. 288 00:36:43,000 --> 00:36:52,000 The Contactee wave of the 1950s was a light hearted sideshow to the UFO phenomenon. 289 00:36:53,000 --> 00:37:02,000 However during the same period photographs began to surface that suggested UFOs were no joke and had to be taken seriously. 290 00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:06,040 The 291 00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:17,000 They are round, they are cigar shaped and they are cylindrical. Some appear to be sleek and smooth as if made of stainless steel. 292 00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:27,000 While others appear bolted together from some alien cast iron. At night they are described as having flashing lights. 293 00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:33,000 They appear without warning, streak across the sky and disappear. 294 00:37:34,000 --> 00:37:40,000 Many UFO films and photographs have been identified as natural phenomenon or hoaxes. 295 00:37:41,000 --> 00:37:47,000 But some UFOs appear in photos when we least expect them and defy explanation. 296 00:37:47,000 --> 00:37:54,000 UFO photo cases are tantalizing because there is some type of what you might think of as objective proof. 297 00:37:55,000 --> 00:38:01,000 The UFO phenomenon is ephemeral and normally all we have are reports of witnesses on a piece of paper and a tape recorder. 298 00:38:02,000 --> 00:38:06,000 But with photos you think you have something physical. 299 00:38:07,000 --> 00:38:14,000 Indeed photos offer some of the most convincing evidence that extraterrestrial aircraft may be real. 300 00:38:15,000 --> 00:38:22,000 This series of photos remains among the most compelling examples of what ufologists call a daylight disc. 301 00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:33,000 The photographs were taken on July 29, 1952 by George Stock outside of his lawnmower shop in Pasek, New Jersey. 302 00:38:34,000 --> 00:38:43,000 Stock reported that as he was working outside at 4.30pm he looked up to see something unusual flying overhead. 303 00:38:44,000 --> 00:38:53,000 Using an inexpensive box reflex camera he snapped pictures of what he described as a disc shaped object with a metallic bottom. 304 00:38:54,000 --> 00:38:58,000 It hovered momentarily and accelerated and flew away. 305 00:38:59,000 --> 00:39:04,000 All that remains of this astonishing daytime visitation are a few pictures. 306 00:39:05,000 --> 00:39:08,000 But are photos reliable evidence for UFOs? 307 00:39:09,000 --> 00:39:14,000 Dr. Bruce McAbee is an optical physicist employed by the United States Navy. 308 00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:24,000 His official research involves high energy space lasers but his interest also lies in the detailed analysis of UFO photographs. 309 00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:35,000 Of particular interest to Dr. McAbee are photos which show no evidence of a hoax or misidentification and cannot be otherwise explained. 310 00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:41,000 One such case began at a farm in rural Oregon in 1950. 311 00:39:42,000 --> 00:39:49,000 These are two photos taken by a farmer and his wife in 1950 in Macmillan, Oregon. 312 00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:57,000 Here's the first photo and here's the second and we'll get a little bit of a blow up on these. 313 00:39:58,000 --> 00:40:06,000 Using image enhancement equipment, McAbee brings into focus the startling photographs that were taken in the early evening with a simple camera. 314 00:40:07,000 --> 00:40:13,000 You can see that it's an oval object with a little thing on the top, like a little protrusion at the top of it. 315 00:40:13,000 --> 00:40:17,000 This is obviously a hoax or the real thing, there's no halfway point. 316 00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:21,000 You can see the image clearly enough to see that it's not a bird or plane or Superman. 317 00:40:22,000 --> 00:40:24,000 So the next question is what could it be? 318 00:40:25,000 --> 00:40:33,000 And if we go back over here we can see that there are electrical wires right up above the object. 319 00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:35,000 Looking again at the blow up. 320 00:40:36,000 --> 00:40:41,000 And now the question is is there any evidence of a suspension underneath the wires? 321 00:40:41,000 --> 00:40:54,000 A contrast enhanced version of the Oregon photo reveals minute scratches that McAbee must distinguish from a string or line that might have been attached to the object to suspend it for a hoax. 322 00:40:55,000 --> 00:41:00,000 No one has found any evidence of a line going up above the object. 323 00:41:02,000 --> 00:41:08,000 There is a possibility that this thing might have been thrown in photograph except that the image is not blurred by motion. 324 00:41:09,000 --> 00:41:18,000 Agents of the Air Force and FBI questioned the couple who took this picture and authorities later confiscated a copy held by the local newspaper. 325 00:41:19,000 --> 00:41:21,000 No one has yet explained why. 326 00:41:24,000 --> 00:41:28,000 This photograph is another of the more credible UFO pictures ever taken. 327 00:41:29,000 --> 00:41:33,000 It was snapped in Brazil by a government survey team in 1958. 328 00:41:33,000 --> 00:41:43,000 A Brazilian naval photographer on a ship was there with the rest of the men when they saw an object shaped like Saturn. 329 00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:53,000 In other words an object with a ring around it flying toward an island that they were near, Trinidad Island, flying around the island and then taking off in the distance. 330 00:41:54,000 --> 00:42:01,000 And he snapped four or five or so or more photos of the object with literally dozens and dozens of witnesses. 331 00:42:01,000 --> 00:42:11,000 The sighting lasted nearly two minutes. 332 00:42:12,000 --> 00:42:18,000 First the object was reported to have approached the island then it disappeared behind a mountain. 333 00:42:19,000 --> 00:42:23,000 It then reappeared before moving off at high speed toward the sea. 334 00:42:24,000 --> 00:42:31,000 This is clearly a structure that somebody builds that doesn't look like anything that we have on Earth. 335 00:42:32,000 --> 00:42:35,000 There were all these witnesses who saw the picture being taken. 336 00:42:36,000 --> 00:42:46,000 For these reasons the photographs are unusually evidential and have to figure in any kind of case for the reality of UFOs is somebody's technology. 337 00:42:47,000 --> 00:43:02,000 Because this is a multiple witness case done by scientists and a professional photographer and has many photographs it probably has to be taken seriously as the number one photographic case in UFO history. 338 00:43:03,000 --> 00:43:13,000 Soon after the photos were taken Brazil's president, Juselino Kubocek ordered them released to the press. 339 00:43:14,000 --> 00:43:25,000 His action stands in stark contrast to the apparent secrecy of official UFO inquiries in the United States beginning with the Roswell incident in 1947. 340 00:43:27,000 --> 00:43:31,000 Even today requests for government records are routinely refused. 341 00:43:32,000 --> 00:43:36,000 Documents that are released are often censored to the point of uselessness. 342 00:43:36,000 --> 00:43:49,000 Perhaps it is no surprise that many suspect a government cover-up and conclude that unidentified flying objects may indeed originate somewhere other than Earth. 343 00:44:06,000 --> 00:44:11,000 For the young, Brazil's self-reliance and eruption are mega disasters. Tuesday night at 9 on the History Channel.